@inbook{d307d5f82ba1477c9153162eae0c5a2b,
title = "A Critical Review of Washback Studies: Hypothesis and Evidence",
abstract = "This chapter aims to demonstrate the current understanding of washback effects in the context of language testing and language education from the following three perspectives: (1) demonstrating the historical development of the concept of washback in both general education and language education, (2) elaborating the results of the empirical investigations and highlighting the gaps between hypotheses and evidence and (3) identifying the directions and areas for washback studies in future.",
keywords = "Assessment, Impact, Washback",
author = "Wei Wei",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017.",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-32601-6_4",
language = "English",
series = "Second Language Learning and Teaching",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "49--67",
booktitle = "Second Language Learning and Teaching",
address = "Germany",
}