TY - JOUR
T1 - Parallel multiple watermarking using adaptive Inter-Block correlation
AU - Wang, Xingrun
AU - Yuan, Xiaochen
AU - Li, Mianjie
AU - Sun, Ying
AU - Tian, Jinyu
AU - Guo, Hongfei
AU - Li, Jianqing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/3/1
Y1 - 2023/3/1
N2 - People pay more and more attention to copyright protection and digital watermarking technology is a reliable method for copyright identification. In this paper, we propose the parallel multiple watermarking method using adaptive inter-block correlation. Considering the image texture characteristics, the texture complexity method is designed, based on which, the Circular-shaped Adjacent Block Selection and the Arch-shaped Adjacent Block Selection will be adaptively selected for adjacent block selection. The multiple watermarks are alternately embedded into the low and middle frequency band in DCT domain of the image blocks to good imperceptibility and high robustness. By adjusting the difference of projection of embedding coefficients and reference coefficients on the spreading vector, the multiple watermarks can be embedded, so the embedding capacity increases. In addition, we improve the multiple watermarks embedding based on orthogonal spreading vectors so that it can be adapted to embedding multiple watermarks in parallel based on inter-block correlation, saving embedding and extraction time. We theoretically analyze the rationality of parallel orthogonal embedding of multiple watermarks and experimentally verify the high efficiency of parallelism. Cover images of different texture complexity are included in the test dataset, and various attacks have been simulated in the experiments. Experimental results on imperceptibility, robustness, time cost and watermark capacity show the satisfied performance of the proposed scheme.
AB - People pay more and more attention to copyright protection and digital watermarking technology is a reliable method for copyright identification. In this paper, we propose the parallel multiple watermarking method using adaptive inter-block correlation. Considering the image texture characteristics, the texture complexity method is designed, based on which, the Circular-shaped Adjacent Block Selection and the Arch-shaped Adjacent Block Selection will be adaptively selected for adjacent block selection. The multiple watermarks are alternately embedded into the low and middle frequency band in DCT domain of the image blocks to good imperceptibility and high robustness. By adjusting the difference of projection of embedding coefficients and reference coefficients on the spreading vector, the multiple watermarks can be embedded, so the embedding capacity increases. In addition, we improve the multiple watermarks embedding based on orthogonal spreading vectors so that it can be adapted to embedding multiple watermarks in parallel based on inter-block correlation, saving embedding and extraction time. We theoretically analyze the rationality of parallel orthogonal embedding of multiple watermarks and experimentally verify the high efficiency of parallelism. Cover images of different texture complexity are included in the test dataset, and various attacks have been simulated in the experiments. Experimental results on imperceptibility, robustness, time cost and watermark capacity show the satisfied performance of the proposed scheme.
KW - Adaptive Inter-Block Correlation
KW - Arch-shaped Adjacent Block Selection
KW - Circular-shaped Adjacent Block Selection
KW - Parallel Multiple Watermarking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140604175&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119011
DO - 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85140604175
SN - 0957-4174
VL - 213
JO - Expert Systems with Applications
JF - Expert Systems with Applications
M1 - 119011
ER -