Spatial Heterogeneity of Sustainable Land Use in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in the Context of the Carbon Cycle: GIS-Based Big Data Analysis

The primary object of this study is to survey the spatial heterogeneity of sustainable land use in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, The introduction of GIS technology into the evaluation index system under the traditional concept of circular economy, combined with the “double carbon target” and the methods of entropy weight analysis and superposition analysis led to the establishment of the evaluation index system for sustainable land use in the GIS model. The evaluation’s findings indicate that: (1) Spatially, the horizontal gravity center of sustainable land use in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area changed dimensionally from 2010 to 2021, and the spatial gravity center shifted from north to south. (2) In terms of time characteristics, sustainable land use showed a steady upward trend in the 11 years from 2010 to 2021. (3) There were regional differences and uneven development levels in the comprehensive evaluation of sustainable land use in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. It shows that there are great differences in the degree of social and economic development among federation-level cities in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. From the current research on the sustainable use of land resources, the evaluation of sustainable use of land based on the concept of a circular economy is less favorable. Thus far, there has been no case study on land sustainability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area based on carbon cycles. In this study, the results are systematically sorted out, and the influencing factors are analyzed in depth to provide theoretical guidance on the sustainable and circular development of society, culture, and economy in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area.