Comprehensive assessment of ecological environment sensitivity in Guangdong Province based on GIS

Taking Guangdong as the research area, using 2022 Landsat remote sensing data and based on geographic information system (GIS) technology, five evaluation factors were selected: slope, aspect, elevation, water system and vegetation index, analyze the sensitivity of Guangdong’s ecological environment. The results show: Single-factor ecological sensitivity analysis shows that among the five evaluation factors, land use category and elevation are important factors that affect the degree of ecological vulnerability in Guangdong Province. The weights are: land use type (0.32), elevation (0.104). Comprehensive ecological sensitivity analysis shows that Guangdong has obvious differences in ecological sensitivity, with low-sensitivity areas accounting for the largest proportion, followed by sensitive areas. The extremely sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Heyuan and Meizhou; the sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Zhaoqing, Qingyuan and Shaoguan; the low-sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang, Jiangmen and Shanwei; the insensitive areas are mainly distributed in central Guangdong (Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen) and the eastern region (Chaozhou and Jieyang). The comprehensive evaluation results of the ecological environment sensitivity in Guangdong Province can provide relevant suggestions for regional ecological environment protection and construction.