Efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks with fixed-group method

Topology control based on appropriate cluster head election can drastically reduce energy consumption, balance traf?c load on sensor nodes and extends the lifetime of the network. In this paper, an ef?cient data gathering multihop routing approach based on ?xed-group for wireless sensor networks is proposed. Our proposed protocol, FGMRP (Fixed-Group based Multi-hop Routing Protocol), divides the monitoring area into several groups according to node intimacy, optimizes energy consumption among nodes in each group by performing adaptive cluster head round-robin rotations based on residual energy, concentration and centrality, and balances energy consumption among groups through a ?tness routing algorithm which considers node residual energy, forwarding distance and radial angle. Simulation results show that the FGMRP protocol effectively balances the energy consumption among nodes, achieves better monitoring performance and signi?cantly increases network lifetime as compared to the existing routing protocols, taking monitoring quality, the amount of data acquisition and network lifetime as evaluation indices.