Genetic-Algorithm-Based Polar Code Construction for OFDM Systems with Frequency Offset and Phase Noise

In this paper, we tackle the problem of polar code construction for orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplex (OFDM) systems with hardware impairment such as frequency offset (FO) and phase noise (PN). As the effects of FO and PN on OFDM systems do not resemble those of additive noises, traditional polar code construction methods such as Gaussian approximation are deemed inefficient. As an extension of our previous work, we propose to use the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to construct polar codes taking into consideration FO and PN. Our results indicate that the GA method outperforms the Gaussian approximation-based method and the previously proposed GA method which does not consider FO and PN. Furthermore, it is found that the GA method is robust and the same polar code construction can, to a considerable extent, cope with varying degrees of FO and PN unknown to the transceiver.