Structural Diffusion Model and Urban Green Innovation Efficiency—A Hybrid Study Based on DEA-SBM, NCA, and fsQCA

This research is based on structural theory and innovation diffusion theory, exploring the theoretical foundations and influencing factors of urban green innovation to provide theoretical support for the realization of the world’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). By using the methods of Data Envelopment Analysis with Slacks-Based Measure (DEA) non-expected model, Necessary Condition Analysis of Research Methods (NCA), and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) in combination, the research analyzes the variables influencing the capability of urban green innovation. The study finds that the level of urban culture and absorptive capacity are necessary conditions for urban green innovation, with urban absorptive capacity having a high level of influence. The main paths for urban green innovation are a comprehensive cultural innovation path, an open cultural inclusion path, an open participation innovation integration path, and an outcome transformation to drive the innovation path. In addition, the research discovered patterns of cultural influence that go beyond institutional and resource-based structural factors, subject action processes, and transformation models guided by absorption and sustainable participation. The research results have important significance for understanding the driving factors and promotion paths of urban green innovation, providing empirical evidence for the realization of the world’s SDGs.