trajPredRNN+: A new approach for precipitation nowcasting with weather radar echo images based on deep learning

：Short-term rainfall prediction is a crucial and practical research area, with the accuracy of rainfall prediction, particularly for heavy rainfall, significantly impacting people's lives, property, and even their safety. Existing models, such as ConvLSTM, TrajGRU, and PredRNN, exhibit limitations in capturing fine-grained appearances due to insufficient memory units or addressing positional misalignment issues, thereby compromising the accuracy of model predictions. In this study, we propose trajPredRNN+, an innovative approach that integrates the trajectory segmentation model and the PredRNN deep learning model to address both limitations in nowcasting precipitation using weather radar echo images. By incorporating attention mechanisms, the model demonstrates an enhanced focus on short-term and imminent heavy rainfall events. To ensure improved stability during training, a residual network is introduced. Lastly, a more rational and effective training loss function is proposed, encompassing weight mechanism, SSIM index, and GAN loss. To validate the proposed model, we conducted a comparative experiment and an ablation experiment using the radar echo map dataset obtained from the Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau. The results of these experiments demonstrate that our model has achieved significant improvements across multiple key performance indicators.