Vocabulary learning through viewing dual-subtitled videos: Immediate repetition versus spaced repetition as an enhancement strategy

Recent studies have shown that watching videos with dual subtitles can promote vocabulary learning. This study investigated the extent to which vocabulary learning may be enhanced through repeated viewings of dual-subtitled videos. A 3x3 counterbalanced experimental design was adopted to examine English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' immediate vocabulary gains and retention under different learning conditions across three experimental sessions, including (a) immediate repeated viewing, (b) spaced repeated viewing, and (c) no repeated viewing. Participants were 60 Chinese-speaking lower-intermediate university EFL learners. They were divided into three groups and given each of the three treatments in each experimental session. ANOVA results revealed that viewing dual-subtitled videos with repetition allowed learners to achieve greater vocabulary gains than viewing with no repetition, with evidence indicating the superiority of immediate repetitions over spaced repetitions.