Working memory and prior vocabulary knowledge in incidental vocabulary learning from listening, reading, reading-while-listening, and viewing captioned videos

Arts and Humanities

• Vocabulary knowledge 100%
• Incidental vocabulary learning 100%
• INCIDENTAL LEARNING 50%
• Control Group 25%
• English as a Foreign Language 25%
• captions 25%
• Learning Outcomes 25%
• Documentary 25%
• Foreign Languages 25%
• Mixed Effect Model 25%
• Vocabulary instruction 25%

Social Sciences

• Working Memory 100%
• Chinese 33%
• Learning Outcome 33%
• English as a Foreign Language 33%
• Foreign Languages 33%

Psychology

• Working Memory 100%